Zigbee
Zigbee is a low-power, low-data-rate wireless mesh network protocol widely used in home automation, medical data acquisition, and industrial control. Operating in the 2.4 GHz band, its mesh topology allows devices to relay messages through one another, extending range and improving reliability. Because of its minimal power demands, it’s well-suited for battery-powered devices—even in extensive networks.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a version of Bluetooth designed for power-efficient, short-range communication, often within 100 meters. Operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, BLE supports data rates of up to 2 Mbps and generally employs a star topology. Its widespread adoption in consumer electronics ensures high interoperability and makes it ideal for wearables, health monitors, and similar IoT devices.
LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is designed for ultra-long-range, low-power communication. Suitable for environmental sensors, smart agriculture, and asset tracking, it operates in sub-GHz frequency bands and enables devices to communicate across several kilometers, depending on terrain. Its star topology and low-power consumption make it ideal for infrequent, small-scale data transmissions over significant distances.
Matter
Matter—formerly Project Connected Home over IP—is a newer industry standard that aims to unify smart home devices regardless of manufacturer. Backed by Amazon, Apple, Google, and the Connectivity Standards Alliance, Matter leverages existing technologies like Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and Thread. Its universal application layer allows diverse devices to communicate seamlessly. Matter emphasizes robust security through end-to-end encryption and authentication, while supporting a wide range of device categories.
Z-Wave
Z-Wave is a sub-GHz wireless protocol dedicated to home automation and control, operating in the 800–900 MHz range. Its mesh topology helps devices relay signals to one another, improving both range and reliability. With support for up to 232 devices in a single network, Z-Wave is well-suited for larger smart home deployments. It also integrates AES-128 encryption to secure data transmissions.
